Machine Vision for Process Control
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 There are two kinds of three axis stages used for alignment in X, Y and Theta. One is a three stage system assembled vertically from an X stage, a Y stage and a Theta stage. The other is sometimes called X1, X2, Y. X1 and X2 each move one side of the part either plus or minus. If they move the same there is only X movement. If they move different or opposite amounts there is a combination of X and Theta. Y controls only one axis of motion. This latter arrangement has some mechanical advantages in height and mass but is more difficult to analyze. The vision system, if it controls the X, Y, Theta adjustment, must have mathematical models for both of these basic types of stages and other models for variations on them.

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Using a vision system to control the alignment of parts for manufacturing allows precise, accurate control of the process through visual feedback. This creates high yields at high throughput rates. It can compensate for operator caused variations and loader inaccuracies. It can eliminate the need for costly tooling to control part positioning. Vision can allow for more flexibility in the processing with software controlled setups rather than custom fixturing of each type of part. Image information learned during training can be stored along with the rest of the setup recipe for a type of part to reduce setup time on subsequent runs.

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